How to Learn Sanskrit from Home – A Complete Beginner’s Guide

• स: क:? – Who is he?
• स: नायक: – He is an actor.
• सा का? – Who is she?
• सा बालिका – She is a child.
• तत् किम्? – What is that?
• तत् पुष्पम् – That is a flower.

• एष: – He (Near Male)
• एषा: – She (Near Female)
• एतत्: – It (Near Object)

• मूषकौ खादतः – Two mice are eating.
• बालौ हसतः – Two boys are laughing.
• अजे चरतः – Two goats are eating.
• महिले गायतः – Two girls are singing.

• अहम् – Myself
• भवान् – You (Male)
• भवती – You (Female)
• आवां – We Two
• वयं – We All

• रामस्य – Ram’s
• फलस्य – Fruit’s
• घटया: – Watch’s
• दशरथस्य पुत्र: राम: – Dasharatha’s son is Ram.
• सीताया: पति: राम: – Sita’s husband is Ram.

• राम: अत्र पठति – Ram is reading here.
• सुरेश: तत्र लिखति – Suresh is writing there.
• मोहन: कुत्र गच्छति – Where is Mohan going?
• सीता अन्यत्र अस्ति – Sita is somewhere else.

• अद्य मंगलवासर: अस्ति – Today is Tuesday.
• ह्या मंगलवासर: अस्ति – Yesterday was Tuesday.

• पुरत: – In front
• पृष्ठत: – Behind
• वामत: – Left
• दक्षिणत: – Right
• उपरि – Over
• अध: – Under

How to Introduce Yourself in Sanskrit

Communication starts from introduction. Introducing oneself is important to build connections and do any deals. Let’s learn how to introduce yourself in Sanskrit.

Introduction to Pronouns

Example Sentences

• स: क:? – Who is he?
• स: नायक:। – He is an actor.
• सा का? – Who is she?
• सा बालिका। – She is a girl.
• तत् किम्? – What is that?
• तत् पुष्पम्। – That is a flower.

Second Verse Pronouns (Dual Form)

• तौ – Those two (Males)
• ते – Those two (Females or Neuters)

Examples:

• मूषकौ खादत: – Two mice are eating.
• बालौ हसत: – Two children are laughing.
• अहे चरत: – Two goats are grazing.
• महिले गदत: – Two girls are singing.

Multi Verse Pronouns (Plural Form)

• ते – All (Males)
• ता: – All (Females)
• तानि – All (Objects)

Examples:

• ते बालका: गच्छन्ति – All boys are going.
• ता महिला: गच्छन्ति – All girls are going.
• तानि फलानि पतन्ति – All fruits are falling.

Important Components (अव्यय)

1. Location Related

• अस्ति – Available
• नास्ति – Not available
• अत्र – Here
• तत्र – There
• अन्यत्र – Somewhere else
• कुत्र – Where?
• सर्वत्र – Everywhere

2. Tense Related

• अद्य – Today
• ह्या – Yesterday
• श्व: – Tomorrow
• परश्व: – Day after tomorrow

3. Related Components (बुरुद्धार्थक अव्यय)

Chapter 3: Sanskrit Inflection (विभक्ति)

1. First Inflection (प्रथमा विभक्ति)

• राधा पाठशालां गच्छति। – Radha goes to school.
• सुमन गीतं गायति। – Suman sings a song.

2. Second Inflection (द्वितीया विभक्ति)

Karma Karaka (Object’s case)

• राम: ग्रन्थम् पठति। – Ram reads the book.
• बालक: नदीं पश्यति। – The child watches the river.
• अहं शाकम् खादामि। – I eat vegetables.
• वयम् अभ्यासम् कुर्म:। – We do exercises.