Sanskrit Grammar कर्ता और क्रिया(Subject And Object)
Overview
Dear friends, in first day you learn about एकवचन ,द्विवचन ,बहुवचन and in second day you learn about धातु रुप (प्रथमपुरुष, मध्यमपुरुष, उत्तमपुरुष). Today, in this article we are going to tell you some subjects and objects in Sanskrit grammar.
Pronouns are those which are used instead of nouns. Pronouns have major importance in Sanskrit grammar. In Sanskrit language nouns and pronouns are used as an object.
Understanding Subject and Verb in Sanskritam Sentence Structure
Sanskritam is a highly effective language that often requires more than two words to form a sentence.
Subject and verb are the backbone of Sanskritam literature in constructing a basic sentence. कर्ता (kartā) is called the subject, and क्रिया (kriyā) refers to the verb. These elements are essential for reading verses with clarity and correctness.
Today, in this blog, we are going to explain the formation of verses in a simple way, with multiple examples.
Understanding कर्ता (Kartā)
🔹 Attributes of Kartā:
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Gender (लिङ्ग): पुल्लिंग (Pullinga), स्त्रीलिंग (Strīlinga), and नपुंसकलिंग (Napunsakalinga)
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Number (वचन): एकवचन (Ekavachana), द्विवचन (Dvivachana), and बहुवचन (Bahuvachana)
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Person (पुरुष): उत्तम (Uttama), मध्यम (Madhyama), and प्रथम (Prathama)
For example:
रामः लिखति। – Rama writes.
Here, “रामः” is the कर्ता – the doer of the action.
क्रिया (Kriyā) – Verb
🔹 Attributes of Kriyā:
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Tense (काल): वर्तमान (Present), भूत (Past), and भविष्यत् (Future)
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Number & Person: एकवचन (Ekavachana), द्विवचन (Dvivachana), and बहुवचन (Bahuvachana)
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Mood: (to be discussed further)
| प्रथम पुरुष First Person | ||
| एकवचन → स: | द्विवचन →तौ | बहुवचन→ ते |
| मध्यम पुरुष Second Person | ||
| एकवचन →त्वं | द्विवचन →युवां | बहुवचन→यूयम् |
| उत्तम पुरुष Third Person | ||
| एकवचन →अहं | द्विवचन →आवाम् | बहुवचन→वयम् |
Some Examples
स: पठति
तौ पठत:
ते पठन्ति
त्वं पठसि
युवां पठथ:
यूयम् पठथ
अहं पठामि
आवाम् पठाम्
वयम् पठाम:
